南海区驯养条石鲷亲鱼的初次性成熟和产卵

2008年4月初在广东省饶平县对2006年5月人工孵化和培育的2龄条石鲷（ Oplegnathus fasciatus）成熟亲鱼进行激素诱导,研究和观察条石鲷亲鱼初次性成熟的繁殖生物学。结果显示,在南海区全人工养殖的条石鲷亲鱼初次性成熟年龄为2龄,成熟亲鱼的最小型为全长245 mm、体质量610 g,最大个体为全长300 mm、体质量1450 g;产卵季节为4月10日~7月15日,产卵盛期为4月中旬至6月下旬;为升温产卵型鱼类,产卵温度为20.0~28.8℃,适宜的产卵温度为20.7~27.6℃;雌、雄亲鱼发育同步,个体大小和成熟年龄差别不大;雌鱼属于一年一次分批产卵类型,产卵期超过3个月;24尾初次性成熟雌性亲鱼的总产卵量为3180.0×104粒,日最高产卵量为341.5×104粒;其产卵量和受精卵质量与水温的变化关系密切,受精卵的浮卵率随温度的变化而变化,在水温相对衡定时,浮卵率相对稳定并维持在80%~95%的较高水平;受精卵平均卵径为（0.860±0.023）mm,油球径为（0.191±0.009）mm。     

高活性促性腺激素类似物及其复配制剂在鱼类人工繁殖中的应用

通过催产试验,在高活性促性腺激素类似物相互之间、在类似物与ＨＣＧ之间、在类似物同ＨＣＧ或ＨＷＨＯ复配而成的复配制剂相互之间、在类似物与其复配制剂之间,进行了催产效果的对比。结果表明,各种类似物对不同鱼类的催产效果各不相同;类似物的催产效果明显优于ＨＣＧ;使用类似物复配制剂,其催产效果优于单独使用ＨＣＧ或类似物。     

Confirmation of the spawning area of the striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax, in the so-called core area of the eastern tropical Pacific off Mexico

We report the presence of striped marlin larvae in coastal waters of the mouth of the Gulf of California, collected during seven oceanographic cruises during 1990 to 1993. From 169 sampled stations, 30 produced a total of 68 larvae of 2.4–30.5 mm total length. Most of the larvae were about 3 mm, indicating a recent spawn. The sea surface temperature at the sampled stations ranged from 19.4°C to 32.0°C, but larvae were caught at stations with temperatures between 27.8°C and 31.5°C. These results clarify the existence of a spawning area of striped marlin in the eastern Pacific, located closer to the coast than previously believed, during several months of the year.     

Larval transport during winter in the SABRE study area: results of a coupled vertical larval behaviour–three-dimensional circulation model

A three-dimensional circulation model was used in conjunction with larval fish vertical behaviour models to study the interaction between larval vertical distribution, advection and the outcome of larval transport along the central portion of the east coast of the United States. The circulation model was forced by tides, a northern boundary inflow, and winds. Vertical behaviour models were developed for Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) and spot ( Leiostomus xanthurus ). The purpose of this modelling effort was to investigate the transport pathways of Atlantic menhaden and spot larvae from offshore spawning grounds to estuarine nursery habitats. The coupled circulation and behavioural model demonstrated the importance of along-shelf transport in what is generally thought to be a 'cross-shelf' problem. Cross-shelf transport was associated with bathymetric features, such as shoals. Both physical (e.g. wind) and biological (e.g. changes in larval behaviour) events were responsible for many of the observed patterns in larval transport. Overall, larval transport was determined by circulation but was modified by larval vertical distributions.     

泥鳅激素浸泡催产试验的初报

为了寻找一种简易的泥鳅催产方法。浸泡催产激素有绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)和地欧酮(DOM),以HCG250 IU+LHRH-A22 μg+DOM1 mg/尾为基本剂量(X),食盐作为浸泡助渗剂,食用色拉油为消泡剂。分别进行不同浸泡时间、浓度和盐度的泥鳅催产试验。累计激素浸泡催产种鳅13.987 kg,900尾,获受精卵80.218万粒,其催产率在0%~100%,平均催产率为34.66%;得泥鳅水花苗71.42万尾。孵化率为在45.6%~93.3%之间,孵化率平均值为81.21%。激素浸泡催产率高达80.0%,激素浸泡催产获得泥鳅受精卵的孵化率和注射激素催产获受精卵的孵化率差别不大,说明利用激素浸泡泥鳅催产方便省时,是一种有前途的新方法。浸泡催产激素有绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、促黄体素释放激素类似物（LHRH-A2）和地欧酮（DOM）,按照HCG250IU+LHRH-A22μg+DOM1mg/尾基本剂量（X）;食盐为浸泡助渗剂,食用色拉油为消泡剂。2011年6月15日至20日,笔者分别进行不同浸泡时间、浓度和盐度的泥鳅催产试验。累计激素浸泡催产种鳅13.987kg,900尾,获受精卵84.826万粒,其催产率在 0.00%～80.0%,得泥鳅水花苗71.42万尾。孵化率为在45.6%～93.3%之间,孵化率平均值为81.21%。     

西江两个广东鲂产卵场浮游植物群落差异分析

2007年4月23～24日对西江两个天然广东鲂产卵场——青皮塘和罗旁的浮游植物种类组成及分布进行了调查,共发现浮游植物98种(含变种、变型和未知藻种),其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)70种,占总种数的71.43%;绿藻门(Chlorophyta)12属20种,占总种数的20.41%;蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)3属4种;裸藻门(Euglenophyta)2属2种;隐藻门(Cryptophyta)和金藻门(Chrysophyta)均为1种。两产卵场中,硅藻在浮游植物总密度中所占百分比均大于70%。青皮塘的浮游植物种类数和种群密度均呈自上游至下游增加的趋势;罗旁则相反。变异直链藻(M.varians)是两个产卵场共有的绝对优势种,根据该种的污染指示性作用,其在两个产卵场的分布差异在一定程度上或一个侧面反映出,罗旁的水质环境略优于青皮塘。     

多抗性番茄新品种杭杂400的选育

杭杂400是以T06-2为母本,以9905-2-1-1-1-1为父本配制而成的中早熟番茄一代杂种。无限生长类型,50 %的植株有长而密的白色茸毛,50 %为普通植株;第1花序着生于第7～8节,成熟果大红色,无绿果肩,单果质量207.6 g,果实硬度1.05 kg·cm^-2,较耐贮运;品质佳,风味好,VC含量387.0 mg·kg^-1,可溶性固形物7.68 %,总糖3.45 %,可滴定酸0.425 %;耐高温、耐寒和耐涝性均好,高抗烟草花叶病毒病和叶霉病,抗黄瓜花叶病毒病,中抗青枯病;茸毛株对蚜虫、烟粉虱和美洲斑潜蝇具有较好的避虫效果;春大棚栽培每667 m²产量5 500 kg左右,适宜于设施和露地栽培。     

2种昆虫病毒混合悬液对菜粉蝶的增效作用

在温度为20～22℃的实验室条件下,用AfMNPV和PrGV的混合病毒悬液感染3龄期菜粉蝶幼虫,可有效降低2种病毒的用量,并显示出良好的增效作用,PrGV和AfMNPV毒力倍数分别为单剂的600倍和400倍以上。不同浓度混合病毒悬液的LT50分别比AfMNPV和PrGV单剂的LT50缩短1．10～2．06d和0．40～1．93d。用PrGV病毒悬液感染4龄期菜粉蝶幼虫,其LT50比3龄期增加3．43～6．06d。     

Long-term variability in spawning stock age structure influences climate–recruitment link for Barents Sea cod

Fish populations may spawn a vast number of offspring, while only a small and highly variable fraction of a new cohort survives long enough to enter into the fisheries as recruits. It is intuitive that the size and state of the spawning stock, the adult part of the fish population, is important for recruitment. Additionally, environmental conditions can greatly influence survival through vulnerable early life stages until recruitment. To understand what regulates recruitment, an essential part of fish population dynamics, it is thus necessary to explain the impact of fluctuations in both spawning stock and environment, including interactions. Here, we examine if the connection between the environment and recruitment is affected by the state of the spawning stock, including biomass, mean age and age diversity. Specifically, we re-evaluate the hypothesis stating that recruitment from a spawning stock dominated by young fish and few age classes is more vulnerable to environmental fluctuations. We expand upon earlier work on the Barents Sea stock of Atlantic cod, now with data series extended in time both backwards and forwards to cover the period 1922–2019. While our findings are correlative and cannot prove a specific cause and effect mechanism, they support earlier work and strengthen the evidence for the hypothesis above. Furthermore, this study supports that advice to fisheries management should include considerations of environmental status.     

Fish larvae dynamics in temperate estuaries: A review on processes,patterns and factors that determine recruitment

Early life stages of fish (eggs and larvae) are particularly vulnerable with mortality rates of up to 99% recorded for a large number of species. High mortality rates result from the limited swimming ability of larvae preventing them from escaping sub-optimal environmental conditions, predators or low prey density areas. In this context, estuaries are key nursery areas for larval and juvenile fish. Estuarine habitats offer environmental conditions favourable to the survival and growth of early stages, through abundant good-quality prey and protection from predators. A vast literature on larvae occurring in temperate estuaries exists, but an overall perspective is lacking. The occurrence of fish larvae in temperate estuaries depends on several factors. First, the choice of spawning time and location is primordial, as they have evolved to optimise the entry and the retention of larvae in the estuary as well as the conditions experienced by young stages. Secondly, larval growth and survival depend on key environmental factors (e.g. salinity, water temperature, freshwater inputs, turbidity and dissolved oxygen concentration). Knowledge of the larval dynamics in temperate estuaries is scarce for some topics and biased towards some species or geographical areas. The main goal of the present literature review is to synthesise existing knowledge regarding spawning timing and location and larval ecology for fish species occurring in coasts and estuaries, identifying the main patterns, consensus or conflicting hypotheses and highlighting major gaps. Research needs and future perspectives were outlined.